Introduction
Thyroid diseases:The health profession has taken great interest in the normal functioning of human body organs. Nowadays, stress is not laid on the external manifestations of diseases but frequently concern is seen with internal disorders of the body. Most of the internal disorders are closely associated with hormonal disturbances or with defects in internal secretions. The malfunctioning of the thyroid gland is a typical example of defect in internal secretion which makes the person feel sick. The hormone concerned is thyroxin and the value of thyroxin (or T4) in blood serum is the most common variable measured to check whether the gland is functioning normally or not. Clearly, an unambiguous and reliable solution to the thyroxin problem is of great interest
Types of Thyroid Disease
1. HYPOTHYROIDISM: It is the condition characterized by deficiency of the thyroid gland. It leads to a deceleration of the metabolic functions of the body and has varied causes. It is characterized by the following clinical features of the body: slowing down of overall functions of the body, weight gain, depression, fatigue, sensitivity to pain, cold dry pale skin, brittle nails and hair, constipation, menstrual disturbances, decreased libido, and coma. Hypothyroidism can affect any of the three stages of human development, i.e., at birth it leads to congenital hypothyroidism. In childhood, its affecting leads to the lack of normal growth, and its retention in adults leads to myxedema. Dyes can also induce hypothyroidism, especially by anti-thyroid agents or by iodine deficiency. Central hypothyroidism results from a deficiency in the production or secretion of TSH or TRH and is usually congenital. The various causes of hypothyroidism include iodine and zinc deficiency, systemic dietary restrictions, chronic iodine and zinc consumption, malfunction of the pituitary gland, hypothalamic malfunction, and physical or emotional stress. Postpartum Thyroiditis.
2. HYPERTHYROIDISM: It results from the over secretion of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland. The various symptoms associated with Goitre include eyelid retraction, eyelid lag, enlargement of the thyroid gland, tachycardia, palpitations, restlessness, diarrhea, tremors, emaciation, insomnia, irritability, and frequent bowel movements. The effects of hyperthyroidism are varied and disorderly, as this disease is often mistaken for an affective psychiatric disorder before the true state of the surgical pathology becomes apparent. This disease is always associated with an increased basal metabolic rate (BMR) and a generalized effect on metabolism in all tissues
3.Thyroid Cancer
There are occurrences of papillary or mixed papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma in 2-3% of solitary hot nodules in high iodine intake areas. Diagnosis is by fine needle biopsy. Total thyroidectomy is the preferred treatment. The survival rate increases with age the onset of the disease and is higher in the pediatric group (tumors usually have a good prognosis), meaning that iodine uptake (80-90% after 24 hours) does not exclude malignancy. The differential diagnosis of neoplastic adenoma is also important, because in this case, I-131 therapy is fundamental in ablation of the shard.
Treatment and Management of Thyroid Diseases
Medication and Hormone Replacement Therapy
Surgical Interventions
Lifestyle Modifications
Conclusion
treatment could include a watch and wait approach or medication to suppress or regulate the amount of hormone release or surgery to remove the entire gland. A doctor can also look inside the gland using a radioactive thyroid scan to find and treat nodules that could be cancerous or to monitor the size of a diagnosed goiter.
A healthy diet can also have a positive effect on overall thyroid function. Not only will it support your thyroid health, but it will also support the better functioning of all other systems in your body.
INTERNATIONAL HEALTH AND MEDICINE ORGANIZATION IHMO
