Introduction to Psychological Diseases
Psychological Diseases: Mental illness isn’t only a thief, but a violent thief who kidnaps and enslaves people and sometimes kills them, but still keeps them breathing so that others must live their lives keeping watch and in fear. Throughout history, mankind has suffered from a variety of mental and psychological diseases. From as far back as ancient Rome and Greece, depression, phobias, and mania have been common in some cases. Correcting the cause of these diseases and finding a treatment for them has always been one’s main goal and effort. Psychological diseases are different from other diseases and have some characteristics and specific reasons for them. Individual psychological disease due to family history, environmental situations, all physical and eventual traumatic experiences or social reasons brought about.
Classification of Psychological Diseases
Psychological diseases can differ widely in their symptoms and their consequences. Which serves as the impetus behind our need to classify them. This means, in particular, that we must families symptoms and treat them together with all of the similarities to our arsenal. For example, by knowing that we have a viral infection rather than a bacterial infection, we may know that a certain antibiotic will be of no use to us in the fight against the illness; antibiotics are prescribed only for bacterial infections. Before we can classify mental disorders, however, we must first define the terms “mental disorder” and “abnormal psychology”; these have not yet been properly defined in our earlier discussions. We must remember that the inability to function normally does not imply the presence of a mental disorder, and the converse is also true.
What is abnormal psychology? abnormal psychology includes all problems of the mind and of the individual. In more technical terms, abnormal psychology is the study of those potential clues given to us by an individual that prepares us for what to come, and what to avoid. In terms of the person’s behavior and health. Since the term “abnormal” refers to a rarity in the population when applied in reference to the general activities of the person, could it also refer to rarer mental states, such as the paranoid-schizophrenic condition? Only in a limited sense.
Mood Disorders
One of the major mood disorders is major depressive disorder. Which involves several mood and cognitive disturbances that come in episodes. During these episodes, the person experiences a depressed mood and a much diminished taste for almost all activities. That are pleasurable or interesting. Often, they experience an increase or decrease in appetite, insomnia or excessive sleeping, lethargy and fatigue, feelings of worthlessness or excessive and inappropriate guilt, and difficulty concentrating or thinking.
There is some evidence that although major depressive disorder exists across cultures. Its symptoms may manifest themselves differently in different cultures.
Anxiety Disorders
They are the most prevalent class of psychiatric disorders. Anxiety helps the individual consider all possible outcomes and contemplate the use of various strategies to deal with them while keeping the fear within manageable limits.
The distinction between fear and anxiety is clinically useful. Fear is an immediate and adaptive response triggered by danger. Anxiety, on the other hand, arises in situations in which real immediate, specific, or actual danger is absent. Anxiety is more prolonged and diffuse, and is not clearly discriminable from normal states of apprehension, worry, or nervousness. The lifetime prevalence rate of any anxiety disorder is as high as 30% and this prevalence remains high until late life.
Psychotic Disorders
Psychotic disorders represent the most severe psychological illnesses displayed by humans. In such illnesses, the individual’s mental health deteriorates until the patient loses total contact with reality. People with psychotic illnesses have delusions – fixed beliefs that are not amenable to change in light of conflicting evidence. They also have hallucinations – which are primarily disturbances in perception of thought. These involve any of the five senses and include the perception of hearing voices or an image. Additionally, people with psychotic illnesses suffer from disorders of thinking often scored by symptoms of disorganized. Thinking and/or speech leading to clear speech derailment. And they exhibit negative symptoms such as blunted emotion, reduced speaking, and difficulty initiating purposeful activity. Schizophrenia is the classical psychotic
Personality Disorders
There are nine diagnosable personality disorders. The delusion, if it is held to be organized thinking, is often illogical or bizarre. Borderline personality disorder is diagnosed when a pattern of unstable and intense relationships and emotions is present. This includes a history of sexual promiscuity, drug abuse, eating disorders, and suicidal gestures.
Cluster B disorders are characterized by dramatic and emotional behavior. Antisocial personality disorder, previously called sociopath, is the most serious of the personality disorders. The antisocial lives outside the law, shows a lack of respect for the rights and well-being of others. Histrionic personality disorder describes individuals who are constantly seeking attention and often become very upset when they do not get it. These people are very dramatic and have a tendency to overreact to things that happen. Narcissistic personality disorder is diagnosed when someone has an exaggerated sense of his or her importance and is absorbed by fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, or beauty. It is believed that this is in part due to the fact that the people who now have this disorder were not given the amount of attention they needed as infants.
Diagnosis and Assessment of Psychological Diseases
As we have seen, determining that a particular individual is suffering from a psychological disorder (and what kind of disorder is operative) is a much more complex task than making such determinations about physiological diseases. Because psychological diseases must be classified according to their symptoms and must also be distinguished from normality, practitioners routinely use many different techniques, variously described as assessment, diagnosis, secular examination, and inference. Some of the major means used in diagnosis and assessment are interviews, questionnaires, and psychological testing. Assessment refers to the broader process of examining the nature of a psychological problem in a particular case.
Conclusion
Understanding these disorders, including their causes, symptoms, and treatment methods, is vital for improving the quality of life. Addressing mental illnesses requires a multidimensional approach that includes advanced scientific research, social support, and integrated therapeutic interventions. Therefore, it is essential to raise community awareness, provide necessary resources, and foster collaboration among mental health professionals to deliver effective and sustainable care. Through these efforts, we can make significant strides toward achieving tangible improvements in the treatment and alleviation of mental health conditions.
INTERNATIONAL HEALTH AND MEDICINE ORGANIZATION IHMO
